With the improvement of living standards, domestic beginning of the epidemic Crystal (crystal) heat, Chanel, Dior, and other brand-name fashion also used Swarovski Crystal (Swaroskicrystal) decoration, from crystal ornaments, decorations, displays toward fashion , Footwear, watches and clocks, area.
Some well-known foreign companies architectural glass and crystal production of flat glass crystal glass building products, in the application of high-grade construction. Overseas, very early in the Crystal Club, a large number of crystal lovers. China has Crystal City, Crystal Palace, and other specialized in crystal glass processing and rural counties.
However, the current domestic and foreign non-academic publications, websites, companies and other promotional materials alleged crystal crystal, according to the Chinese translation dictionary for the crystal, is not on the traditional crystal (quartzcrystal), more than the domestic processing of some crystal ball Crystal City, Crystal crafts used by the K9 optical glass, crystal glass is crystal glass. East China's Jiangsu origin, such as quartz crystal is still on the traditional quartz crystal.
This paper on the evolution of crystal glass, crystal glass crystal glass of the status and direction of development were discussed.
The development of crystal glass
Crystal glass has a long history, ancient times because of impurities in the glass raw materials, melting temperature is not high, no glass melting, and a large number of melting sand, defects such as bubbles, while raw materials of iron, manganese, titanium, and so many colored metal ions, glass Is often opaque or translucent. By the 13th century, Venetian containing impurities using less quartzite and Levant of the plant ash Hanna, Ronghua Cheng colorless, transparent glass. The 15th century, the more raw materials to further improve the quality, with Ticino River downstream pure quartz sand and plant ash in boiling water solution to the crystallization of soda ash, glass by the markedly improved transparency than in the past, and similar crystal, it named Cristallo, is A sodium calcium crystal, its composition and range of (mass) [1] SiO270.0% ~ 71.5%, Al2O30.8% ~ 1.31%, CaO4.07% ~ 4.72%, MgO1.47% ~ 1.66%, K2O2 .84% ~ 4.55%, Na2O15.2% ~ 16.8%, Fe2O30.25% ~ 0.51%, MnO0.26% ~ 0.51%, SO30.19% ~ 0.31%, Cl0.62% ~ 0.92%, P2O50.15 % To 0.24%, the composition of Fe2O3, MnO for mineral impurities in raw materials, Cl, P2O5 are in the soda ash plant ash impurities. Sodium and calcium crystal glass components of modern glass containers similar to some elements, K2O + Na2O content relatively high, CaO + MgO content is relatively low, glass-melting, suitable for manual operation. The 13th century, the Bohemian (Bohemian) in Bohemia (Bohemia, the Czech Republic today) and Silesia (Silsia) for the establishment of more than a dozen glass factory, in addition to high quality quartz sand as raw materials, but also Containing potassium carbonate forest wood ash, such as the beech forest (beethforests) of wood ash for the introduction of alkaline oxide materials, was made of transparent glass a higher refractive index, also known as crystal glass (crystalex), and the literature in order to Venice of the difference between crystal glass, known as Bohemian crystal glass (BohemiaCrystalex), due to the use of forest wood ash as raw material, the forest is also known as the Glass (ForextGlass). Bohemian crystal glass for potassium calcium components, including SiO275% ~ 77%, CaO5% ~ 6%, K2O15% ~ 17%, the refractive index of glass for nD 1.48 to 1.49, the system known as potassium calcium crystal glass. Later, in order to improve performance and add ingredients in a small Na2O and B2O3, renamed Jiana calcium crystal glass, the Czech production of this type of crystal glass components (mass) for SiO275.5%, B2O30.2%, CaO6%, K2O4 .8%, Na2O12.8%. Calcium and potassium Jiana crystal glass from the main origin for the Nuoweiboer Prague 90 km (Nov? Bor) town, the product of technical indicators: density of 2.444 g/cm3, refractive index nD (20 ℃) to 1.50002, the average dispersion (20 ℃) for the 830 × 10-5, linear expansion coefficient was 89.1 × 10-7 ℃ -1, acid resistance (at ISO719 standards, 0.01 mol / L HCl in the 98 ℃ after the erosion units glass surface area of weightlessness) 1.98 mg/dm2, liquidus temperature 950 ℃ Crystal Gifts
